Six Cores Smooth NFV/SDN Data Flows
To support growing and often unpredictable mobile, video, and IoT data traffic, operators must improve the performance and flexibility of their software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) infrastructure. These technologies were developed to support efficient traffic classification, management, and service delivery for various traffic types, but as traffic increases, so too does the demand on network processors that power NFV and SDN architectures.
Cisco projects that machine-to-machine (M2M) data traffic generated by the IoT will increase at a 49 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2016 and 2021. The same Virtual Networking Index (VNI) report expects smartphone traffic to nearly triple to 33 percent of global IP traffic by the end of the same sample period, while approximately 82 percent of all IP traffic will be video.
The unique switching, routing, and availability requirements of these different traffic types require high core count network processors that can handle unique workloads simultaneously, as well as modular server hardware that scales as needs evolve.
The Critical Role of SDN and NFV
To understand the changing requirements of network processors, it's important to understand the role of SDN and NFV. SDN allows network operators to dynamically classify traffic based on criteria like source, destination, and packet type, and assign it a quality of service (QoS) (Figure 1).
Figure 1. SDN architectures allow operators to dynamically classify data packets based on predefined policies. (Source: Open Networking Foundation)
For example, non-critical IoT sensor data could be tagged with a low, “best effort” QoS, meaning that the network doesn't guarantee packet delivery within a certain timeframe. Instead, the network allocates resources only once higher-priority traffic has been delivered (Figure 2).
Figure 2. SDN controllers analyze packets based on source, destination, and type, and route them accordingly. (Source: Cisco Systems, Inc.)
Conversely, streaming video for premium subscribers could be labeled with a high QoS that dedicates sufficient resources to minimize packet loss and transmission delay while maximizing throughput. The latter also applies to applications like deep packet inspection (DPI), which often require real-time, line-rate network processing.
In parallel, NFV enables network services that would typically require specialized hardware on standard servers. Called virtual network functions (VNFs), these services can include firewalls, network address translation, intrusion detection and prevention (IDS/IPS), load balancing, and traffic acceleration. Services can also be applied to traffic flows based on their classification, and even chained together so that relatively few standard servers are required to perform the same functions traditionally handled by many specialized and proprietary hardware appliances (Figure 3).
Figure 3. NFV consolidates multiple network services that have traditionally required specialized hardware appliances into virtual network functions (VNFs) that run as software on standard servers. (Source: Network Computing)
Neither SDN nor NFV are new. But as more traffic with unique requirements attempts to traverse the network on standard server hardware, an increasing amount of strain is being placed on the processors that enact SDN policies and render VNF services. This calls for enhanced multi-core solutions with ample high-bandwidth memory to minimize network bottlenecks.
In response, network infrastructure engineers are turning to 8th generation Intel® Core™ processors (formerly Coffee Lake), which provide up to six cores per socket with multithreading capability on each core to address changing network performance demands.
Meeting the Requirements of SDN and NFV Network Processors
8th generation Intel Core processors provide distinct advantages for SDN and NFV engineers, starting with a 50 percent increase in the maximum number of cores from four to six. With Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology), each core is capable of executing two tasks at once, so the processors can perform up to 12-way multitasking.
This optimized performance can even be applied to workloads with different requirements, helping SDN and NFV platforms maximize compute resources, consolidate hardware, and accomplish tasks more quickly to conserve energy and keep more network bandwidth available.
Multithreading performance with Intel HT Technology also benefits VNF service chaining on a single NFV platform. As the blue boxes in Figure 4 illustrate, routing tables automate the process of applying service functions to traffic flows based on source, destination, and packet type.
Figure 4. 8th generation Intel® Core™ processors automate network service chaining based on the source, type, and destination of data traffic. Alternatively, the processors can execute multiple workloads simultaneously. (Source: SDxCentral)
The compute performance improvement of new Intel Core processors is augmented by increased on-chip data throughput enabled by up to a 50 percent increase in last-level cache (LLC) from 8 Mbytes to 12 Mbytes (Figure 5). As more data can pass between cores more quickly, VNF service chaining and other functions can execute without interruption.
Figure 5. A 50 percent increase in last-level cache (LLC) improves on-chip data throughput in 8th generation Intel® Core™ processors. (Source: Wikichip)
8th generation Intel Core processors support up to 64 Gbytes of external 2666 MHz DDR4 RAM, an improvement over the 2400 MHz DDR4 RAM in the previous generation. More and faster memory is a boon to SDN and NFV performance as it supports flow and packet processing for control plane management.
SDN, NFV Performance and Flexibility Off-the-Shelf
Network engineers and operators looking to reap these performance advantages can turn to off-the-shelf servers like the CAR-4040 from CASwell, Inc. The high-performance rack-mount communications platform is based on the 8th Generation Intel Core processor, supporting up to the full six cores. Designed for extensibility, the CAR-4040 supports 34 PCIe lanes, four modular networking cards, and a 1 x 8 PCIe slot reserved for configurable I/O (Figure 6).
Figure 6. The CASwell CAR-4040 network communication appliance is a 1U rack-mount appliance designed for performance, flexibility, and scalability. (Source: CASwell, Inc.)
The CAR-4040 targets SDN and NFV deployments, as well as network security applications such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), intrusion detection and prevention (IDS/IPS), antivirus (AV), wide area networking (WAN), and other network management functions.
To maximize network uptime, the system includes a redundant, 300-W power supply and integrated system health monitoring through the intelligent platform management interface version 2.0 (IPMI 2.0).
Let the Traffic Flow
As the connected world grows more and more dependent on IP networks, the types of traffic flowing across the core network infrastructure will continue to grow and change. Different traffic types have different QoS and routing requirements, making it imperative that network operators maintain a flexible infrastructure with the performance to support peak demands.
SDN and NFV form the foundation of such flexible networks, but it is versatile platforms like the CAR-4040 based on 8th generation Intel Core processors that will scale these architectures seamlessly into the future.